Vladimir Lenin
Leader of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924
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Key Takeaways
- Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April [O.
- He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until his death in 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death.
- His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party.
- Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Tsar Alexander III.
- In 1897, Lenin was exiled to Siberia for three years, after which he moved to Western Europe including Switzerland and became a leading figure in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party.
Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (22 April [O.S. 10 April] 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician and political theorist. He was the first head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 until his death in 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 until his death. As the Bolsheviks' founder, Lenin led the October Revolution, which established the world's first communist state and short-lived soviet democracy. His government won the Russian Civil War and created a one-party state under the Communist Party. Ideologically a Marxist, his developments to the ideology are called Leninism.
Lenin embraced revolutionary socialist politics after his brother was executed in 1887 for plotting to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. He was expelled from Kazan Imperial University for participating in student protests, and earned a law degree before moving to Saint Petersburg in 1893 and becoming a prominent Marxist activist. In 1897, Lenin was exiled to Siberia for three years, after which he moved to Western Europe including Switzerland and became a leading figure in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. In 1903, the party split between Lenin's Bolshevik faction and the Mensheviks, with Lenin advocating for a vanguard party to lead the proletariat in establishing socialism. Lenin briefly returned to Russia during the Revolution of 1905. During the First World War, he campaigned for its transformation into a Europe-wide proletarian revolution. After the February Revolution of 1917 ousted Tsar Nicholas II, Lenin returned to Russia and played a leading role in the October Revolution.
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