R-360 Neptune
Ukrainian family of cruise missiles
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Key Takeaways
- The R-360 Neptune (Ukrainian: Р-360 «Нептун» , romanized: R-360 "Neptun" ) is a Ukrainian family of subsonic cruise missiles with all-weather capabilities developed by the Luch Design Bureau in Kyiv as an anti-ship missile, with a later variant for land attack.
- It has a range of over 200 kilometres.
- The first training missile divizion (battalion) entered service with the Ukrainian Navy in March 2021, with the first operational naval use in 2022.
- "Long Neptune", an extended range land-attack variant with a claimed 1000 km range, was first used in 2025, according to Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
- According to information from open sources, the first flight examples of the cruise missile were manufactured in the second quarter of 2016.
The R-360 Neptune (Ukrainian: Р-360 «Нептун», romanized: R-360 "Neptun") is a Ukrainian family of subsonic cruise missiles with all-weather capabilities developed by the Luch Design Bureau in Kyiv as an anti-ship missile, with a later variant for land attack. Neptune's design is based on the Soviet Kh-35 subsonic anti-ship missile, with substantially improved range, targeting and electronics equipment. It has a range of over 200 kilometres.
The system requirement was for a single missile to defeat surface warships and transport vessels with a displacement of up to 9,000 tonnes, either in convoys or moving individually. The first training missile divizion (battalion) entered service with the Ukrainian Navy in March 2021, with the first operational naval use in 2022. The land-attack variant has a new guidance system and was first fielded and used in 2023. "Long Neptune", an extended range land-attack variant with a claimed 1000 km range, was first used in 2025, according to Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy.
Development
The missile was first revealed at the 2015 Arms and Security international exhibition in Kyiv.
According to information from open sources, the first flight examples of the cruise missile were manufactured in the second quarter of 2016. Production of advanced missile systems took place in cooperation with other Ukrainian companies, including Artem Luch, Motor Sich (MS400 turbofan engine), ZhMZ Vizar Kyiv, Radionix (seeker) and Arsenal SDP SE (navigation system).
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