Fritz Bauer
German judge (1903–1968)
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Key Takeaways
- Fritz Bauer (16 July 1903 – 1 July 1968) was a German Jewish judge and prosecutor.
- Early life and education Bauer was born in Stuttgart, to a Jewish German family.
- Bauer's father was a successful businessman who ran a textile mill that provided him with an annual income of 40,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ by 1930 (for comparison, the annual income of a typical doctor in Germany in 1930 was 12,500 ℛ︁ℳ︁).
- Though his family had assimilated into the German culture, his parents did not celebrate Christmas as a secular holiday – a common practice in Jewish homes in Stuttgart at the time – but insisted on celebrating Jewish holidays.
- German universities were traditionally strongholds of the völkisch movement, and almost all student fraternities in Germany under völkisch influence refused to accept Jews as members.
Fritz Bauer (16 July 1903 – 1 July 1968) was a German Jewish judge and prosecutor. He played an instrumental role in the post-war capture of former Holocaust planner Adolf Eichmann, and in bringing about the Frankfurt Auschwitz trials.
Early life and education
Bauer was born in Stuttgart, to a Jewish German family. His parents were Ella (Hirsch) and Ludwig Bauer. Bauer's father was a successful businessman who ran a textile mill that provided him with an annual income of 40,000 ℛ︁ℳ︁ by 1930 (for comparison, the annual income of a typical doctor in Germany in 1930 was 12,500 ℛ︁ℳ︁). His sister Margot called their childhood a "liberally Jewish one". Though his family had assimilated into the German culture, his parents did not celebrate Christmas as a secular holiday – a common practice in Jewish homes in Stuttgart at the time – but insisted on celebrating Jewish holidays.
Bauer attended Eberhard-Ludwigs-Gymnasium in Stuttgart, and studied business and law at the Universities of Heidelberg, Munich and Tübingen. German universities were traditionally strongholds of the völkisch movement, and almost all student fraternities in Germany under völkisch influence refused to accept Jews as members. Accordingly, Bauer found himself joining the liberal Jewish fraternity FWV (Freie Wissenschaftliche Vereinigung – Free Academic Union) in Heidelberg, to which he devoted much of his time.
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